태양광 발전소 구성 요소 및 설치 설계 요구 사항

Introduction

Designing a solar photovoltaic (PV) power station is a complex process that requires careful consideration of numerous factors. Among the most crucial are the design parameters for the photovoltaic modules and their supporting bracket systems. These parameters directly impact the overall performance, cost, and reliability of the power station. This guide will delve into the key technical specifications for both components, empowering you to make informed decisions for your solar project.

Photovoltaic Module Technical Parameters: The Heart of Solar Energy

Photovoltaic modules are the workhorses of any solar power station, converting sunlight into electricity. Understanding their technical specifications is essential for optimizing energy generation.

• Basic Parameters:

These parameters define the module’s fundamental performance characteristics under standard test conditions (STC).

* **Peak Power (Pmax):** The maximum power output of the module, measured in watts (W).
* **Open Circuit Voltage (Voc):** The voltage when no current is flowing, measured in volts (V).
* **Operating Voltage (Vmp):** The voltage at which the module operates at maximum power, measured in volts (V).
* **Short Circuit Current (Isc):** The current when the circuit is shorted, measured in amperes (A).
* **Operating Current (Imp):** The current at which the module operates at maximum power, measured in amperes (A).
* **Fill Factor (FF):** A measure of the module's efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity.

• Size, Weight, and Conversion Efficiency:

These parameters determine the physical dimensions, weight, and overall efficiency of the module.

• Temperature Coefficients:

These coefficients indicate how the module’s performance is affected by temperature changes.

• Durability and Certification:

These parameters ensure the module can withstand environmental stresses and meet industry standards.

Bracket System Technical Parameters: Providing Solid Support

The bracket system is the backbone of a PV installation, securely mounting the modules and ensuring optimal positioning for maximum sunlight exposure.

• Bracket Material and Anti-Corrosion Treatment:

The choice of material and anti-corrosion treatment directly impacts the bracket’s durability and lifespan.

• Structure and Stability:

The type of bracket (fixed, tracking), maximum load capacity, and resistance to wind and snow loads are crucial considerations.

• Tilt Angle and Installation:

The tilt angle affects sunlight capture, while ease of installation and maintenance are important for long-term efficiency.

• Foundation Requirements:

The type and depth of the foundation must be appropriate for the bracket system and local soil conditions.

Example Scenarios: Putting Theory into Practice

Let’s illustrate these concepts with examples:

PV Module Example:

A 300W module with a peak power output of 300W, an open circuit voltage of 38V, and a conversion efficiency of 17%.

* Peak power: 300W
* Open circuit voltage: 38V
* Operating voltage: 31.5V
* Short circuit current: 9.8A
* Operating current: 9.1A
* Dimensions: 1650mm x 992mm x 35mm
* Weight: 19kg
* Conversion efficiency: 17%
* Power temperature coefficient: -0.4%/℃
* Voltage temperature coefficient: -0.33%/℃
* Current temperature coefficient: 0.048%/℃
* Voltage resistance: 1500V
* Moisture resistance: IP65
* Wind resistance: 120km/h
* Snow resistance: 1.5m/snow depth
* Certification: IEC 61215, IEC 61730

Bracket System Example:

A fixed tilt angle bracket made of high-strength aluminum alloy, capable of withstanding wind speeds up to 110km/h and snow loads of 1.5m.

* Type: Fixed tilt angle bracket
* Material: High-strength aluminum alloy
* Anti-corrosion treatment: Anodized
* Maximum load: 2500N/m²
* Maximum wind load: 110km/h
* Maximum snow load: 1.5m/snow depth
* Tilt angle: 25°
* Ease of installation: Quick-install connector
* Maintenance convenience: Low-maintenance design
* Adjustment range: 0° to 45°
* Foundation type: Concrete foundation
* Foundation depth: 1m
* Foundation bearing capacity: 2000N/m²

Conclusion: A Holistic Approach to Solar Design

Selecting the right photovoltaic modules and bracket systems is crucial for maximizing the performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of your solar power station. By carefully considering the technical parameters outlined in this guide, you can make informed decisions that will ensure a successful and sustainable solar energy solution.